Hoof Expansion, Deformation, and Surface Strains Vary with Horseshoe Nail Positions

Racehorses are susceptible to underrun heel hoof conformation. often shod with nails placed toward the heel. It is unknown if palmar restrict or alter deformation in a manner that could promote development of conformation over time repeated loading. To determine how addition affects during limb loading, expansion and wall deformations were quantified using rosette strain gauges kinematic markers vitro loading cadaveric limbs simulated midstance for walk, trot, canter loads. Nail treatments used attach horseshoe included: toe (T), quarter (TQ), toe, quarter, (TQH). The effects nail treatment on assessed measures analysis variance (p < 0.05). Nails quarters decreased 0.001). Heel resulted largest changes principal directions distally. application alters continued palmer time.